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Rubric
Name: Analyzing and interpreting data
Advanced: Student meets all proficient criteria. Student also explains the 33% figure using the data, for example: daughters of tuskless survivors inherit the trait only some of the time, and some calves have tusked mothers. Student uses family-tree patterns, such as tuskless mothers having tuskless daughters but few or no tuskless sons, to support or question the X-chromosome link. Student names a limitation of the data, such as approximate percentages, survey sample size, or missing information about fathers. Student uses the trend to make an evidence-based prediction about how the tuskless percentage will change now that poaching has decreased.
Beginning: Student copies one or more values from the tuskless-percentage table (for example, 18% before the war and 51% after) without comparing them or stating a trend. Student does not link the population graph's roughly 90% decline to which elephants survived. Student does not use the family tree to identify who passed tusklessness to whom. Student may treat the numbers as showing that individual elephants lost or stopped growing tusks.
Dimension: SEP
Developing: Student describes at least one pattern correctly, such as 'tuskless females went from 18% to 51%,' or 'the population dropped sharply during 1977–1992.' Student does not connect the trend in tusklessness to the population decline as cause and effect. Student uses the family tree to note that some tuskless mothers have tuskless daughters but does not explain what this shows about inheritance. Student does not explain why the daughters' 33% falls between the pre-war 18% and the survivors' 51%.
Proficient: Student compares all three groups (18%, 51%, 33%) and links the rise to the timing of the roughly 90% population drop on the graph. Student uses this pattern as evidence that poachers targeted tusked elephants, so tuskless females (a structure difference with no ivory) were more likely to survive and have calves. Student cites specific mother-to-offspring links in the family tree as evidence that tusklessness is inherited. Student concludes that the trait became more common in the population across generations, while individual elephants did not change during their lives.
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